Arugula is a fast-growing plant that requires proper fertilization to produce abundant and healthy yields. To achieve a high-quality harvest with rich leaves that have a distinctive taste, it’s important to pay attention to the nutrients the plant needs throughout its growth. Fertilizing arugula is not just about quantity, but also about the types of nutrients the plant requires at different growth stages. Arugula is particularly sensitive to nutrient deficiencies, which can negatively impact its development and flavor. Proper fertilization not only promotes healthy growth but also increases the nutritional value of the leaves, making them even more nutritious and flavorful.
Arugula thrives in rich, well-drained soils with pH levels between 6.0 and 7.0. This plant system quickly uses the nutrients from the soil, so regular fertilization is key to optimal growth and development. Considering its characteristics, arugula's fertilization must be balanced and carefully dosed to ensure the plant has all the necessary resources for photosynthesis and growth.
Nitrogen is a vital element for arugula as it is crucial for the growth and development of the plant's green parts, especially the leaves. Arugula, being a leafy vegetable, requires a lot of nitrogen for healthy growth and a bountiful harvest. It is recommended to use nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea, ammonium nitrate, or nitrogen-rich compost. Compost is especially beneficial as it not only provides nitrogen but also adds other nutrients and enriches the soil with microorganisms that support plant health. Additionally, compost provides a stable source of nutrients, meaning fertilization will be gradual rather than aggressive. For fast-growing herbs like arugula, it is recommended to introduce nitrogen fertilizers during the first weeks of growth, with additional fertilizations during the rapid growth phase, when the plant is primarily used to form leaves.
Phosphorus is responsible for root development and flowering in plants. While arugula is not highly demanding in terms of phosphorus, adding small amounts of phosphorus fertilizers can contribute to the healthy development of the plant, especially when new leaves and roots are forming. It is generally recommended to use fertilizers containing phosphorus in the form of superphosphate or organic materials like manure or compost. Phosphorus is key for activating various biochemical processes within the plant, including carbohydrate metabolism. If the soil in which arugula is grown already contains sufficient phosphorus, additional phosphorus fertilizers may not be necessary. However, if there is poor plant growth or pale leaves, the application of phosphorus fertilizers can help in the recovery process.
Potassium is essential for all plants, including arugula. It helps regulate the water balance within the plant, which is crucial for growth, particularly during dry periods. Potassium also contributes to increasing the plant's resistance to diseases and stressful conditions. It is recommended to use potassium fertilizers, especially during the summer or dry periods when plants may be under stress. Potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate are commonly used forms of potassium that are readily available and effective. Additionally, it is common practice to use potassium in combination with nitrogen to achieve optimal growth.
Micronutrients, such as magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc, also play a significant role in the health of arugula plants. Although plants usually take up micronutrients in smaller quantities, they are essential for chlorophyll synthesis and efficient metabolism. A lack of micronutrients can manifest as yellowing of leaves or slow plant growth.
For those who prefer a natural approach to fertilization, organic materials such as manure, compost, or liquid organic products like compost tea are excellent options. Organic fertilization not only improves soil structure but also adds beneficial microorganisms that help break down organic matter in the soil. One of the key reasons for using organic fertilization is that there is no risk of over-fertilizing, which could lead to soil salinization or an excess of nitrogen. Organic fertilization also helps maintain soil biodiversity, making it healthier and more fertile in the long term.
Arugula should be fertilized during its rapid growth period when the plant is actively using nutrients. The optimal time for applying fertilizers is after the plant has developed its first true leaves, usually about 2-3 weeks after planting. Fertilization can be done in the form of foliar treatments, where fertilizers are applied directly to the leaves, or through the soil, where nutrients are introduced into the ground. Foliar treatment is a quick way for the plant to absorb nutrients, but it is important to use specialized products to avoid damaging the plant. It is also crucial to avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive growth of the green parts of the plant, which may reduce the quality and flavor of arugula. It is recommended to apply smaller amounts of fertilizer in several doses throughout the season, rather than large single applications.
To achieve healthy and abundant arugula yields, it is essential to pay attention to proper fertilization that includes balanced amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. By using appropriate fertilizers and organic materials, as well as proper application, optimal results can be achieved at every stage of the plant's growth. Considering arugula's specific needs during its growing season, proper fertilization will not only improve its growth but also increase its nutritional value and enhance the flavor of the leaves.
